Search your symptoms with MEDgle. You can check your symptoms. It is a medical symptom search allowing you find out what options make sense for you.
CLOSE
your personalized medical decision engine
↓
login - health profile
edit search
new search
symptoms
diagnoses
physicians
drugs
procedures
close
feedback
symptoms
diagnoses
drugs
procedures
physicians
symptom duration
0-3 days
4-14 days
2 weeks-2 months
2-6 months
6 months +
add symptom to current symptom search
same as above
0-3 days
4-14 days
2 weeks-2 months
2-6 months
6 months +
add symptom to current symptom search
same as above
0-3 days
4-14 days
2 weeks-2 months
2-6 months
6 months +
add symptom to current symptom search
same as above
0-3 days
4-14 days
2 weeks-2 months
2-6 months
6 months +
gender
male
female
age
1-3
4-11
12-17
18-29
30-50
50+
age
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
visual
hide visual search
search visually
:
symptoms
|
diagnoses
|
drugs
|
procedures
|
physicians
search symptoms
•
Find causes for your symptoms
•
Learn potential diagnostic tests
•
Discover relevant physicians
* click on image for symptoms. use search box for complete set of symptoms.
search diagnoses
•
Understand the details of a diagonsis
•
Learn about relevant tests and treatments
•
Find useful resources on the web
* click on image for diagnoses.
search drugs
•
Learn about different therapeutic drugs
•
Understand what they are used for
•
Know the potential options
* click on image for drugs.
search procedures
•
Learn about different diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
•
Understand what they are used for
•
Know the potential options
* click on image for procedures.
search physicians
•
Find physicians in your area
•
Understand what they do
•
Get the right help you need
* click on image for physicians.
clindamycin
what is 'clindamycin'?
Definition for Clindamycin
Clindamycin ( rINN ; pronounced /kl?nd??ma?s?n/ ) is a lincosamide antibiotic . It is usually used to treat infections with anaerobic bacteria but can also be used to treat some protozoal diseases, such as malaria .
more
Clindamycin ( rINN ; pronounced /kl?nd??ma?s?n/ ) is a lincosamide antibiotic . It is usually used to treat infections with anaerobic bacteria but can also be used to treat some protozoal diseases, such as malaria . It is a common topical treatment for acne , and can be useful against some methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. [ 1 ]
less
search results for diagnoses treated with 'clindamycin'
1 - 5 of
75
diagnosis
trauma neck
neck injury
web search for:
Clindamycin and trauma neck
lung abscess
collection of pus in lungs
web search for:
Clindamycin and lung abscess
toxic shock syndrome
life threatening illness caused by bacterial toxin
web search for:
Clindamycin and toxic shock syndrome
dental infections and other dental conditions
problems related to teeth
web search for:
Clindamycin and dental infections and other dental conditions
impetigo
superficial skin infection
web search for:
Clindamycin and impetigo
streptococcal pharyngitis
infection of throat with streptococcal group A bacteria
web search for:
Clindamycin and streptococcal pharyngitis
vaginitis
inflammation of vagina
web search for:
Clindamycin and vaginitis
animal bites
animal bites
web search for:
Clindamycin and animal bites
aspiration pneumonia
inhalation of stomach or oral contents into lungs
web search for:
Clindamycin and aspiration pneumonia
bullous impetigo
blistering skin condition
web search for:
Clindamycin and bullous impetigo
cholangitis
bacterial infection of biliary tract
web search for:
Clindamycin and cholangitis
empyema
pus in sac enclosing lung
web search for:
Clindamycin and empyema
lung aspiration
inhalation of foreign material into the lungs
web search for:
Clindamycin and lung aspiration
lung atelectasis
collapse of whole or part of lung
web search for:
Clindamycin and lung atelectasis
lymphangitis
inflammation of lymphatic vessels
web search for:
Clindamycin and lymphangitis
mediastinitis
inflammation of mediastinum
web search for:
Clindamycin and mediastinitis
mitral regurgitation
leaking heart valve connecting left upper and lower heart chambers
web search for:
Clindamycin and mitral regurgitation
periorbital cellulitis
infection of tissues around eye
web search for:
Clindamycin and periorbital cellulitis
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
type of pneumonia seen more often in HIV infected people
web search for:
Clindamycin and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
septic abortion
abortion complicated by pelvic infection
web search for:
Clindamycin and septic abortion
for more please login, login is free (click to login)
search results for related procedures when taking 'clindamycin'
1 - 5 of
220
procedures
Complete Blood Count
web search for:
Clindamycin and Complete Blood Count
CT scan
web search for:
Clindamycin and CT scan
Blood culture
web search for:
Clindamycin and Blood culture
Gram stain
web search for:
Clindamycin and Gram stain
Chest X-ray
Radiological technique to image the chest
web search for:
Clindamycin and Chest X-ray
Culture
web search for:
Clindamycin and Culture
Oxygen
web search for:
Clindamycin and Oxygen
Pulse oximetry
Oximetry
web search for:
Clindamycin and Pulse oximetry
Complete metabolic panel
web search for:
Clindamycin and Complete metabolic panel
Arterial Blood Gas
web search for:
Clindamycin and Arterial Blood Gas
Urinalysis
Examination of urine to detect disease
web search for:
Clindamycin and Urinalysis
serum electrolytes
web search for:
Clindamycin and serum electrolytes
Intravenous (IV) fluids
web search for:
Clindamycin and Intravenous (IV) fluids
CT chest
web search for:
Clindamycin and CT chest
Prothrombin Time (PT)
web search for:
Clindamycin and Prothrombin Time (PT)
Activated partial thromboplastin time
web search for:
Clindamycin and Activated partial thromboplastin time
Blood, Platelet Count
Platelet Count
web search for:
Clindamycin and Blood, Platelet Count
BUN
web search for:
Clindamycin and BUN
Bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy
web search for:
Clindamycin and Bronchoscopy
Arterial line
placement of catheter in artery
web search for:
Clindamycin and Arterial line
for more please login, login is free (click to login)
related medication search results for 'clindamycin'
1 - 5 of
85
drugs
ceftriaxone
web search for:
Clindamycin and ceftriaxone
vancomycin
web search for:
Clindamycin and vancomycin
metronidazole
web search for:
Clindamycin and metronidazole
gentamicin
web search for:
Clindamycin and gentamicin
erythromycin
web search for:
Clindamycin and erythromycin
azithromycin
web search for:
Clindamycin and azithromycin
ampicillin and sulbactam
web search for:
Clindamycin and ampicillin and sulbactam
clindamycin(cleocin hcl)
web search for:
Clindamycin and clindamycin(cleocin hcl)
cephalexin
web search for:
Clindamycin and cephalexin
levofloxacin
web search for:
Clindamycin and levofloxacin
cefoxitin
web search for:
Clindamycin and cefoxitin
ampicillin
web search for:
Clindamycin and ampicillin
cefazolin
web search for:
Clindamycin and cefazolin
imipenem and cilastatin
web search for:
Clindamycin and imipenem and cilastatin
dicloxacillin
web search for:
Clindamycin and dicloxacillin
nafcillin
web search for:
Clindamycin and nafcillin
ciprofloxacin
web search for:
Clindamycin and ciprofloxacin
penicillin(penicillin g sodium)
web search for:
Clindamycin and penicillin(penicillin g sodium)
tetracycline
web search for:
Clindamycin and tetracycline
metronidazole(flagyl)
web search for:
Clindamycin and metronidazole(flagyl)
for more please login, login is free (click to login)
The following are types of physicians relevant for 'Clindamycin'.
related types of physicians 'family practitioner, internist, infectious disease specialist'
show local physicians
postal code
Find Local
stars represent relevance to topic not rating
more
The results are computer generated suggestions to help you find a physician. MEDgle does not recommend any particular type of physician or claim to be complete or accurate in the providers and specialties suggested.
web search results for 'clindamycin'?
Results
1 - 50
- Clindamycin
Clindamycin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... common adverse effect of clindamycin is Clostridium difficile-associated ... Clindamycin is used primarily to treat infections caused by susceptible ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clindamycin
en.wikipedia.org
-
summary
MedlinePlus Drug Information: Clindamycin
Basic overview of the medication including how it should be used and potential side effects.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682399.html
www.nlm.nih.gov
-
summary
Clindamycin Information from Drugs.com
Clindamycin information from Drugs.com, includes clindamycin side effects interactions, indications ... important information I should know about clindamycin? ...
http://www.drugs.com/clindamycin.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
Cleocin HCL (Clindamycin) drug description - prescription drugs and medications at RxList
Find Cleocin HCL (Clindamycin) medication description and details on prescription drugs. ... Because clindamycin therapy has been associated with severe ...
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/clindam.htm
www.rxlist.com
-
summary
CLINDAMYCIN - ORAL (Cleocin) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
Read more about the prescription drug CLINDAMYCIN - ORAL. ... cold and flu a-z list > clindamycin-oral index > clindamycin-oral article ...
http://www.medicinenet.com/clindamycin-oral/article.htm
www.medicinenet.com
-
summary
Clindamycin - Yahoo! Health
If you are injecting clindamycin at home, your healthcare provider will give you ... colitis) have occurred with the use of antibiotics, including clindamycin. ...
http://health.yahoo.com/other-other/clindamycin/healthwise--d00043a1.html
health.yahoo.com
-
summary
Drugs and Treatments - Clindamycin Phosphate Top - Patient Handout from WebMD
Information on Clindamycin Phosphate Top - Patient Handout. Find the answers you need about over the counter and prescription medications, vitamins and supplements, ...
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-1465-Clindamycin+Phosphate+T...
www.webmd.com
-
summary
Clindamycin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Clindamycin is a semisynthetic antibiotic derived from lincomycin by 7(S)-chloro ... Clindamycin is marketed under various trade names including Dalacin (Pfizer) ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clindamycin_hydrochloride
en.wikipedia.org
-
summary
Clindamycin advanced consumer information | Drugs.com
Clindamycin patient information - advanced edition from the United States Pharmacopoeia. ... For clindamycin, the following should be considered: ...
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Clindamycin.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
Clindamycin topical - Yahoo! Health
Stop using clindamycin topical and talk to your doctor if you experience severe diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, or abdominal pain.
http://health.yahoo.com/skinconditions-medications/clindamyc...
health.yahoo.com
-
summary
Drugs and Treatments - Clindamycin HCl Oral - Patient Handout from WebMD
Information on Clindamycin HCl Oral - Patient Handout. Find the answers you need about over the counter and prescription medications, vitamins and supplements, and ...
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-12235-Clindamycin%20HCl%20Oral.aspx?drugid=12235
www.webmd.com
-
summary
clindamycin vaginal medical facts from Drugs.com
Physician reviewed clindamycin vaginal patient information - includes clindamycin vaginal description, dosage and directions.
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/clindamycin-vaginal.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
Clindamycin vaginal - Yahoo! Health
Avoid wearing tight-fitting, synthetic clothing (e.g., panty hose) that does not ... What is the most important information I should know about clindamycin vaginal? ...
http://health.yahoo.com/other-other/clindamycin-vaginal/heal...
health.yahoo.com
-
summary
Clindamycin (Topical Route) - MayoClinic.com
Mayo Clinic offers award-winning medical and health information and tools for healthy living. ... Clindamycin belongs to the family of medicines called antibiotics. ...
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR600449
www.mayoclinic.com
-
summary
MedlinePlus Drug Information: Clindamycin Phosphate Injection
Clindamycin may ... Your doctor has ordered clindamycin, an antibiotic, to help treat ... you are allergic to clindamycin, lincomycin (Lincocin), or any ...
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682382.html
www.nlm.nih.gov
-
summary
CLINDAMYCIN/BENZOYL PEROXIDE - TOPICAL (Benzaclin, Duac) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
Read more about the prescription drug CLINDAMYCIN/BENZOYL... GENERIC NAME: CLINDAMYCIN/BENZOYL PEROXIDE - TOPICAL (klin-duh-MY sin/BEN-zoh-ill per-OX-ide) ...
http://www.medicinenet.com/clindamycinbenzoyl_peroxide-topical/article.htm
www.medicinenet.com
-
summary
Cleocin T (Clindamycin (topical)) drug description - prescription drugs and medications at RxList
Brand names include: Basocin Akne Gel, Cleocin, Dalacin, and Sobelin.
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/clindat.htm
www.rxlist.com
-
summary
Clindamycin Gel facts and comparsions at Drugs.com
All about Clindamycin Gel. View complete and up to date Clindamycin Gel information - part of the Drugs.com trusted medication database.
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/clindamycin-gel.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide gel - Skin Diseases, Conditions, Symptoms, and Procedures on MedicineNet.com
Information relating to the skin includes skin diseases and conditions, cosmetic surgery, medications, and treatment. ... clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide gel ...
http://www.medicinenet.com/clindamycin_and_benzoyl_peroxide_gel/article.htm
www.medicinenet.com
-
summary
Clindamycin Foam facts and comparsions at Drugs.com
All about Clindamycin Foam. View complete and up to date Clindamycin Foam information - part of the Drugs.com trusted medication database.
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/clindamycin-foam.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
MedlinePlus Drug Information: Clindamycin and Benzoyl Peroxide Topical
The combination of clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide comes as a gel to apply to the skin. ... if you are allergic to clindamycin (Cleocin, Clinda-Derm, C/D ...
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a603021.html
www.nlm.nih.gov
-
summary
Clindamycin (Vaginal Route) - MayoClinic.com
Mayo Clinic offers award-winning medical and health information and tools for healthy living. ... comparing use of vaginal clindamycin in the elderly with use ...
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR600461
www.mayoclinic.com
-
summary
Benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin topical - Yahoo! Health
Avoid the use of harsh, abrasive, or irritating cleansers; cosmetics; or other medications on the area being treated; except under the direction of a doctor.
http://health.yahoo.com/skinconditions-medications/benzoyl-p...
health.yahoo.com
-
summary
Drugs and Treatments - Clindamycin Phosphate IV - Patient Handout from WebMD
Information on Clindamycin Phosphate IV - Patient Handout. Find the answers you need about over the counter and prescription medications, vitamins and supplements, ...
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-18657-Clindamycin%20Phosphat...
www.webmd.com
-
summary
Clindamycin Cream facts and comparsions at Drugs.com
All about Clindamycin Cream. View complete and up to date Clindamycin Cream information - part of the Drugs.com trusted medication database.
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/clindamycin-cream.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
Drugs and Treatments - Clindamycin Phosphate Inj - Patient Handout from WebMD
Information on Clindamycin Phosphate Inj - Patient Handout. Find the answers you need about over the counter and prescription medications, vitamins and supplements, ...
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-931-Clindamycin+Phosphate+In...
www.webmd.com
-
summary
Clindamycin Lotion facts and comparsions at Drugs.com
All about Clindamycin Lotion. View complete and up to date Clindamycin Lotion information - part of the Drugs.com trusted medication database.
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/clindamycin-lotion.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
CLINDAMYCIN - VAGINAL SUPPOSITORY (Cleocin) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
Read more about the prescription drug CLINDAMYCIN - VAGINAL ... clindamycin-vaginal suppository Index. Glossary ... Clindamycin is an antibiotic which ...
http://www.medicinenet.com/clindamycin-vaginal_suppository/article.htm
www.medicinenet.com
-
summary
Clindamycin (Oral Route, Injection Route, Intravenous Route) - MayoClinic.com
Mayo Clinic offers award-winning medical and health information and tools for healthy living. ... Clindamycin is used to treat bacterial infections. ...
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR600453
www.mayoclinic.com
-
summary
clindamycin medical facts from Drugs.com
Physician reviewed clindamycin patient information - includes clindamycin description, dosage and directions. ... Before using clindamycin, tell your doctor if ...
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/clindamycin.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
Drugs and Treatments - Clindamycin in D5W IV - Patient Handout from WebMD
Information on Clindamycin in D5W IV - Patient Handout. Find the answers you need about over the counter and prescription medications, vitamins and supplements, and ...
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-7766-Clindamycin+Phosphate+i...
www.webmd.com
-
summary
Clindamycin Official FDA information, side effects and uses.
Accurate, FDA approved Clindamycin information for healthcare professionals and patients ... Clindamycin phosphate topical solution is indicated in the ...
http://www.drugs.com/pro/clindamycin-topical-solution.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
Drugs and Treatments - Clindamycin Phosphate Vagl - Patient Handout from WebMD
Information on Clindamycin Phosphate Vagl - Patient Handout. Find the answers you need about over the counter and prescription medications, vitamins and supplements, ...
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-5016-CLINDAMYCIN+-+VAGINAL+S...
www.webmd.com
-
summary
CLINDAMYCIN - ORAL SOLUTION (Cleocin Pediatric) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
Read more about the prescription drug CLINDAMYCIN - ORAL SOLUTION. ... clindamycin-oral solution Index. Glossary ... USES: Clindamycin is used to treat a wide ...
http://www.medicinenet.com/clindamycin-oral_solution/article.htm
www.medicinenet.com
-
summary
Clindamycin Suspension facts and comparsions at Drugs.com
All about Clindamycin Suspension. View complete and up to date Clindamycin Suspension information - part of the Drugs.com trusted medication database.
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/clindamycin-suspension.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
Cleocin I.V. (Clindamycin) drug description - prescription drugs and medications at RxList
Find Cleocin I.V. (Clindamycin) medication description and details on prescription drugs. ... all antibacterial agents, including clindamycin, and may range in ...
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/clindamyciniv.htm
www.rxlist.com
-
summary
Clindamycin Hydrochloride Drug Information, Professional
Clindamycin Hydrochloride Drug Information from Drugs.com. Includes Clindamycin Hydrochloride side effects, interactions and indications.
http://www.drugs.com/mmx/clindamycin-hydrochloride.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
CLINDAMYCIN PHOSPHATE - VAGINAL CREAM (Cleocin) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
Read more about the prescription drug CLINDAMYCIN PHOSPHATE ... clindamycin phosphate-vaginal cream Index. Glossary ... Clindamycin is an antibiotic that works ...
http://www.medicinenet.com/clindamycin_phosphate-vaginal_cream/article.htm
www.medicinenet.com
-
summary
WebMD Health - Drug Search results for Clindamycin
Your search for Clindamycin returned 13 results. Brand Name: Clindamycin ... 9. Clindamycin Phosphate Top. Rx. 10. Clindamycin Phosphate Vagl. Rx ...
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/search.aspx?stype=DRUG&query=Clindamycin
www.webmd.com
-
summary
Clindamycin Solution facts and comparsions at Drugs.com
All about Clindamycin Solution. View complete and up to date Clindamycin Solution information - part of the Drugs.com trusted medication database.
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/clindamycin-solution.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
Clindamycin facts and comparsions at Drugs.com
All about Clindamycin. View complete and up to date Clindamycin information - part of the Drugs.com trusted medication database.
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/clindamycin.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
Drugs and Treatments - Clindamycin Phosphate (Bulk) Misc - Patient Handout from WebMD
Information on Clindamycin Phosphate (Bulk) Misc - Patient Handout. Find the answers you need about over the counter and prescription medications, vitamins and ...
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-78475-Clindamycin+Phosphate+...
www.webmd.com
-
summary
CLINDAMYCIN - TOPICAL (Cleocin T, Clinda-Derm) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
Read more about the prescription drug CLINDAMYCIN - TOPICAL. ... PRECAUTIONS: Before using clindamycin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are ...
http://www.medicinenet.com/clindamycin-topical/page2.htm
www.medicinenet.com
-
summary
Clindamycin Suppositories facts and comparsions at Drugs.com
All about Clindamycin Suppositories. View complete and up to date Clindamycin Suppositories information - part of the Drugs.com trusted medication database.
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/clindamycin-suppositories.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
Clindamycin phosphate patient advice including side effects
Comprehensive and trusted information about Clindamycin phosphate - plus advice on 24,000 other FDA approved drugs and medications from Drugs.com.
http://www.drugs.com/pdr/clindamycin-phosphate.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
Drugs and Treatments - Clindamycin HCl (Bulk) Misc - Patient Handout from WebMD
Information on Clindamycin HCl (Bulk) Misc - Patient Handout. Find the answers you need about over the counter and prescription medications, vitamins and ...
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-78486-Clindamycin+HCl+Bulk+M...
www.webmd.com
-
summary
Clindamycin as an Antimalarial Drug: Review of Clinical Trials
... of the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria with clindamycin. ... of recent clinical trials have evaluated clindamycin, both alone and as a ...
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=127356
www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov
-
summary
clindamycin and tretinoin medical facts from Drugs.com
Physician reviewed clindamycin and tretinoin patient information - includes clindamycin and tretinoin description, dosage and directions.
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/clindamycin-and-tretinoin-topical.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
CLINDAMYCIN - INJECTION (Cleocin) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
Read more about the prescription drug CLINDAMYCIN - INJECTION. ... and flu a-z list > clindamycin-injection index > clindamycin-injection article ...
http://www.medicinenet.com/clindamycin-injection/page2.htm
www.medicinenet.com
-
summary
Cleocin HCl (clindamycin) medical facts from Drugs.com
Physician reviewed Cleocin HCl patient information - includes Cleocin HCl description, dosage and directions. ... Before using clindamycin, tell your doctor if ...
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/cleocin-hcl.html
www.drugs.com
-
summary
show more
1
2
Chat with eNurse Kim about 'Clindamycin' or something else!
quick facts
related diagnosis category
infectious diseases
dermatology
pulmonary
head and neck
gastrointestinal
faq/about
|
disclaimer
|
privacy policy
|
terms of service
|
browse
|
feedback
|
beta
|
contact
|
API - Catalyst
MEDgle does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Copyright 2006-2007, MEDgle Inc.
All Rights Reserved. MEDgle is NOT affiliated with Google. Last Updated: Oct 27, 2009
This site complies to the
HONcode standard for trustworthy health
information:
verify here
.
Invited Sponsor for Communications Conference
Finalist -- search & reference